{"id":174,"date":"2026-04-15T17:24:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T13:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/a67.ir\/?p=174"},"modified":"2026-04-26T14:37:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T11:07:03","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%85%db%8c%d9%84%db%8c%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%8c-%d8%a2%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b4-%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ba%d9%86%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a67.ir\/?p=174","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06f0. <strong>\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f0\u06f9\u060c \u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 (<math data-latex=\"e\"><semantics><mi>e<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc (\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0647) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f2. \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a (<math data-latex=\"E\"><semantics><mi>E<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634:<\/strong> \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0634 (<math data-latex=\"m\"><semantics><mi>m<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">m<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (<math data-latex=\"F_{g} = mg\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><mi>g<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{g} = mg<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc (<math data-latex=\"F_{b}\"><semantics><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mi>b<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{b}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627:<\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u060c <math data-latex=\"F_{s}\"><semantics><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{s}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (<math data-latex=\"q\"><semantics><mi>q<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">q<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (<math data-latex=\"E\"><semantics><mi>E<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (<math data-latex=\"F_{e} = qE\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>F<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>q<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">F_{e} = qE<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0646\u062b\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f3. \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0631 (\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0631\u06cc) \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 (\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"287\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/a67.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-224\" style=\"width:455px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f4. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong>\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u06af\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-math\"><math display=\"block\"><semantics><mrow><mi>q<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mi>e<\/mi><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mo>\u2026<\/mo><mspace width=\"0.1667em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">q = n \\cdot e \\quad (n = 1, 2, 3, \\dots)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 <math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 <math data-latex=\"e\"><semantics><mi>e<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 <math data-latex=\"e\"><semantics><mi>e<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f <math data-latex=\"1.6 \\times 10^{-19}\"><semantics><mrow><mn>1.6<\/mn><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><msup><mn>10<\/mn><mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2212<\/mo><mn>19<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">1.6 \\times 10^{-19}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f5. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627:<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627 (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u06a9) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f)\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc (Confirmation Bias) \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642:<\/strong> \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u06f6. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc 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